Special Tests for Neurologic Examination 1/e 2008

Special Tests for Neurologic Examination 1/e 2008

James R Scifers

Ideal for students and clinicians to access quick clinical information, Special Tests for Neurologic Examination offers invaluable evaluation and assessment tips and techniques for neurologic conditions commonly found in patients. Organized in an easy-to-use format, this book is the perfect guide for practicing clinical skills and reviewing for licensure and certification examinations.

Dr. James R. Scifers describes and illustrates special tests for the upper extremity, lower extremity, and spine. This resource provides performance criteria for each special test, important information on specificity and sensitivity, and valuable references for further investigation.

Inside you’ll find:

• Techniques for dermatome, myotome, reflex screening, and
  concussion testing
• Examples of various concussion grading scales and
  neuropsychological tests
• Special design that facilitates use of the book as a user-friendly study guide and quick clinical reference
• Data on test specificity and sensitivity to assist clinicians in determining the value and strength of various clinical examination procedures
• Additional resources for further study and exploration

A facilitative and comprehensive approach to learning, practicing, and reviewing neurologic special tests makes Special Tests for Neurologic Examination a must-have for students and clinicians alike. With a focus on commonly used evaluative procedures for differentiating and diagnosing neurologic disorders, the book serves as a valuable companion to the popular Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination.

Contents

Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Author
About the Contributor
Preface
Foreword by John M. Hauth, EdD, ATC
Introduction

• Section One: Head

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Nerve
Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve
Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor Nerve
Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear Nerve
Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve
Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens Nerve
Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
Cranial Nerve VIII: Acoustic Nerve
Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve
Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

Jill A. Manners, MS, LAT, ATC

Glasgow Coma Scale
Rancho Levels of Cognitive Functioning
Levels of Consciousness
Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT)
American Academy of Neurology Grading Scale
Cantu Concussion Grading Guidelines
Colorado Medical Society Concussion Rating Guidelines
Torg Concussion Grading Guidelines
University of North Carolina Concussion Grading Scale

Jill A. Manners, MS, LAT, ATC

Romberg Test
Tandem Test
Finger-to-Nose Test
Proprioceptive Finger-to-Nose Test
Serial Seven Test
Past-Pointing Test
Neurological Control Test-Upper Extremity
Neurological Control Test-Lower Extremity
Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) Test

Computerized Assessments
ImPACT
HeadMinder
CogSport
Pencil-and-Paper Tests
Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC) Test
Trail Making Test
Symbol Digit Modalities Test
Stroop Color and Word Test

Hoffmann's Sign
Babinski's Test
Oppenheim's Test
Chvostek's Sign
Weber Test
Rinne Test
Clonus
Decerebrate Posturing
Decorticate Posturing

• Section Two: Cervical Spine

Sensory Testing: Light Touch
Sensory Testing: Sharp-Dull
Sensory Testing: Temperature
Sensory Testing: Two-Point Discrimination

C1 and C2 Myotome Test
C3 Myotome Test
C4 Myotome Test
C5 Myotome Test
C5/C6 Myotome Test: Elbow Flexion
C6 Myotome Test: Wrist Extension
C7 Myotome Test: Elbow Extension
C7 Myotome Test: Wrist Flexion
C7 Myotome Test: Finger Extension
C8 Myotome Test: Finger Flexion
C8 Myotome Test: Thumb Flexion
C8 Myotome Test: Thumb Extension
T1 Myotome Test: Finger Abduction
T1 Myotome Test: Finger Adduction

Biceps Brachii Reflex (C5 Nerve Root) Testing
Brachioradialis Reflex (C6 Nerve Root) Testing
Triceps Reflex (C7 Nerve Root) Testing

Brachial Plexus Traction Test
Upper Limb Tension Test (ULTT) 1: Median Nerve Bias
ULTT 2: Median, Musculocutaneous, and Axillary Nerve Bias
ULTT 3: Radial Nerve Bias
ULTT 4: Ulnar Nerve Bias
Shoulder Abduction Test
Cervical Compression Test
Spurling's Test
Cervical Distraction Test
Swallowing Test
Tinel's Sign
Valsalva's Maneuver

• Section Three: Thoracic Spine

• Section Four: Lumbar Spine

L1 and L2 Myotome Test
L3 Myotome Test
L4 Myotome Test: Ankle Dorsiflexion
L4 Myotome Test: Ankle Inversion
L5 Myotome Test
S1 Myotome Test: Ankle Plantarflexion
S1 Myotome Test: Ankle Eversion
S2 Myotome Test

Patellar Tendon Reflex (L4 Nerve Root) Testing
Achilles Tendon Reflex (S1 Nerve Root) Testing

Beevor's Sign
Milgram's Test
Brudzinski's Sign
Kernig's Test
Straight Leg Raise Test
Well Straight Leg Raise Test
Quadrant Test
Slump Test
Bowstring Test
Tension Sign
Sitting Root Test
Prone Knee Bending Test
Valsalva's Maneuver

• Section Five: Upper Extremity

Axillary Nerve
Long Thoracic Nerve Injury
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Cubital Fossa Syndrome
Radial Tunnel Syndrome/Supinator Syndrome
Pronator Teres Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tunnel of Guyon Syndrome
Drop Wrist Deformity
Ape Hand Deformity
Bishop's Hand Deformity
Claw Hand Deformity Chapter

Adson's Test
Allen's Test
Military Brace Position
Hyperabduction Syndrome Test
Halstead's Maneuver
Roo's Test
Tinel's Sign at the Elbow
Elbow Flexion Test
Pronator Teres Syndrome Test
Wartenberg's Sign
Phalen's Test
Reverse Phalen's Test
Tinel's Sign at the Wrist
Carpal Compression Test
Pinch Grip Test
Froment's Sign
Egawa's Sign
Wrinkle Test
Ninhydrin Test
Weber's Two-Point Discrimination Test

• Section Six: Lower Extremity

Morton's Neuroma
Common Fibular Nerve Injury
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Anterior Compartment Syndrome
Piriformis Syndrome
Meralgia Paresthetica
Ilioinguinal Nerve Entrapment

Tinel's Sign for Tarsal Tunnel
Pencil Test
Interdigital Neuroma Test
Duchenne Test
Piriformis Test
Yeoman's Test
Femoral Nerve Traction Test

Index

• Chapter 1: Cranial Nerve Assessment

• Chapter 2: Concussion Grading Scales/Coma Scales

• Chapter 3: Concussion Testing

• Chapter 4: Neuropsychological Tests

• Chapter 5: Special Tests for Central Nervous System Involvement

• Chapter 6: Dermatome Testing